Tulip Tree (and a sign of spring)

Today I stopped to take a look at what was left of the tulip tree fruit.

The fruit, green in the summer and brown in the fall, is a cone-like aggregate of winged seeds (samaras). The samaras fall off (from top to bottom) throughout the winter.

I noticed the buds and was looking at their curious duck-bill shape when I saw that one had popped open on the side.

I helped it along and inside I saw a perfectly shaped miniature leaf folded in half neatly along the midrib. Other buds had started to open as well.

Here's a photo of a mature leaf from last summer (this leaf is two-lobed but leaves can also have four lobes),

and a tulip tree leafed out.

The bark is deeply furrowed on mature trees.

The tulip tree is one of the tallest species in the cemetery, known to reach a height of 190 feet.

Liriodendron tulipifera is sometimes called yellow poplar although it's not related to poplars. It's actually in the Magnolia family.

pine needles

Sango kaku

This Japanese maple pops out of the landscape when there's snow on the ground.

Acer palmatum 'Sango kaku' is sought after for its red bark. It's also known as coralbark maple.

The leaves are green in the summer with a touch of red,

and turn yellow in the fall.

a look back at fall (for the winter-weary)

not so light and fluffy...

Having greenery in a winter landscape is refreshing, especially when winter starts to get dreary. After the last couple snows, I appreciated it even more: I had never realized that evergreens were sticking their necks out by keeping their leaves all year round.

I used to see pines like this one with only a muffin top of foliage and wonder why all the lower branches were broken off.

During the last snow a friend explained to me that snow loads snap branches, especially when the snow is wet.

He pointed out this pine skirted with broken branches.

Close by there was another with damage.

It had only been snowing for a few hours.

Snow can help prune dead branches from a tree, but it can also take huge healthy limbs.

The new losses made the old ones more obvious. To prevent disease, broken branches will be cut back to the branch collar.

Although the pines seemed to be the most affected, no evergreen species in the cemetery was immune. There was damage to arborvitae, pine, spruce, holly... Here's a blue atlas cedar with a snapped limb. There was even a tree that was entirely uprooted by the big snow we had.

Sometimes snow weight will simply bend braches without causing any breakage. It can also splay the more shrub-like evergreens. When the snow melts, some branches will spring back to their former position. (Thanks for the photo, Art.) As another wet snow falls today, I'm thinking of my favorite evergreens in the cemetery. There are some ways to prevent damage, but with the number of big trees in Green-Wood, there's nothing to do but let nature have its way.

Camperdown Elm

Paper Birch

Here's one of the younger paper birches in the cemetery. Betula papyrifera usually has several stems and can have either a conical or an irregular crown. This specimen has a single stem with branches starting low on the trunk.

The white bark peels in papery sheets. At first the bark underneath is orange, but it whitens with time. Harriet Keeler, in Our Native Trees, says that the paper birch "possesses the most wonderful bark of any of our native trees." Personally, I would make an argument for beech bark, but paper birch bark comes in a close second. Although it's papery, it's quite strong. Native Americans used it to make canoes. It can also be written and painted on.

This accumulation of exfoliated bark looks like burnt newspaper.

The long horizontal lenticels in the bark allow for the exchange of gases.

Here are the pre-formed male catkins. The female catkins will emerge in the spring as the male catkins elongate. If you click on the photo, you can see that twigs are reddish-brown and dotted with small lenticels.

Trees Near You

If you're interested in learning about the street trees in your neighborhood and you have an iPhone, check out the new Trees Near You app.

Each tree on the map is represented by a circle. When you click on a "tree" you can see the species and trunk size. The app also links to the wikipedia entry on the species in case you want to learn more.

For the moment, this app only covers New York City trees. This could be fun in Green-Wood... Thanks, Tibor.

Saucer Magnolia

Here's a saucer magnolia after Tuesday night's snowfall.

When it's leafed out, it looks like a giant shrub. Now that the leaves are gone, you can see that it's multi-stemmed.

The large hirsute (fuzzy) floral buds give this tree an interesting winter texture. You can see the crescent-shaped leaf scars directly below the buds.

Here is an infructescence from last summer minus the red seeds. Most of these empty fruiting bodies have fallen to the ground by now.

The saucer magnolia is one of the earliest blooming trees in the spring (which unfortunately makes the flowers susceptible to frost damage). The pink or purple and white flowers emerge before the leaves. The saucer magnolia was hybridized around 1820 by Etienne Soulange-Bodin, a French horticulturist. Hundreds of varieties of this hybrid exist today.

Kentucky Coffeetree

Gymnocladus dioicus has huge bipinnately compound leaves that can measure up to 40 inches long. Of course now, there's not a leaf in sight. Gymnocladus means "naked branch." With few twigs and barely visible buds, the tree looks almost dead in winter.

The Kentucky coffeetree has another unmistakable feature: the seed pods. They are stout and hard to break open.

Inside, surrounded by a sticky pulp, there are round seeds that pioneers purportedly roasted and used as a substitute for coffee. (I wouldn't try this at home. Raw seeds are toxic.) The species is dioecious, so pods can only be found on female trees.

The bark is furrowed and rough, and can break into scales resembling those of an alligator's back.

Sweet Gum

These seed balls on the ground indicate that there's a sweet gum close by. The globose fruits can be confused with those of the sycamore or the london plane tree.

The sycamore or london plane ball is an aggregate of hundreds achenes with tufts of hairs tucked inside (like the seeds on dandelions). When the balls break apart, the achenes are released.

The sweet gum ball is an aggregate of about 50 capsules with a seed or two in each one. As the balls mature, they become woody and holes open up between the two points of each capsule, allowing the release of seeds as the balls shake in the wind. The empty fruiting heads can still be found hanging on branches now. Some will remain on the tree throughout the winter. (The previous sweet gum post shows the unripe seed ball.)

The sweet gum typically has a single straight leader.

This species is a treat in the fall. From afar, the trees look like pastel rainbows.

Close up, the color varies from leaf to leaf, and even from one side of a leaf to the other.

These leaves were taken from one tree on the same day.

more snow

Some more shots from after the snowstorm in December...